SWE INSTITUTE

 The 43-Second Descent- Why the History of Hiroshima is Darker Than Your Textbooks Claim 1. The Day the Sun Descended: A Monday Morning Like Any Other A deceptive peace hung over Hiroshima on the morning of Monday, August 6, 1945. Summer was in full force, the sky was a clear, pleasant blue, and the sun was shining with a warmth that betrayed nothing of the impending furnace. At 8:00 AM, the city hummed with the mundane rhythms of a society at war but still functional: adults were filing into their offices, and children had just settled into their classrooms for the first period of the school day. The tranquility was briefly punctuated by the sighting of an American Boeing B-29 aircraft high in the sky. To the residents below, it was a distant speck; at 8:15 AM, when an object was released from the plane, people watched with a curious, oblivious detachment. Even in their wildest dreams, they could not have imagined what was falling toward them. For exactly 43 seconds, the city rema...

Chapter: The Fundamental Unit of Life Introduction: Discovery of Cell In 1665 , Robert Hooke observed a thin slice of cork under a self-designed microscope. He noticed that cork looked like a honeycomb made of many small compartments. 🔹 Cork is obtained from the bark of a tree 🔹 These compartments were empty because cork cells were dead 🔹 Hooke named these compartments “cells” Cell is a Latin word meaning “a little room” Importance of Hooke’s Discovery First evidence that living organisms are made of small structural units Laid the foundation of Cell Biology The term cell is still used today What are Living Organisms Made Up of? All living organisms—plants, animals, and microorganisms—are made up of cells . Some organisms consist of: One cell → unicellular organisms Many cells → multicellular organisms Activity 5.1 – Observation of Onion Peel Cells Aim To observe the structure of cells in an onion peel under a microscope. Materials Required Onion bulb Forceps Wa...

 The Last Lesson (Alphonse Daudet) Alphonse Daudet is pronounced roughly as "Al-fon DOH-day," with the French "Alphonse" having a nasal sound (like "Al-fons") and "Daudet" sounding like the English word "do" followed by a soft "day," with the 't' usually silent in French, though Anglicized versions might pronounce the 't' About the Author  Alphonse Daudet (1840–1897) was a French novelist and short-story writer. The Last Lesson is set in the days of the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), in which France was defeated by Prussia. The story depicts the impact of the war on the French regions of Alsace and Lorraine, which fell under Prussian control. Early Life: · Born on May 13, 1840, in Nîmes, France. · His family faced financial difficulties, and he left school early to work as a teacher. Career and Writings: · Daudet moved to Paris in 1857 to pursue a literary career. · He gained recognition for his vivid, emotio...

FEDERALISM  CLASS 11    Political map of India 1947 Political map of India 2017 INTRODUCTION · Look at the political maps of India 1947 and 2017. · They have changed dramatically over the years. Boundaries of States have changed, names of States have changed, and the number of States has changed. · When India became independent, we had a number of provinces that the British government had organised only for administrative convenience. · Then a number of princely states merged with the newly independent Indian union. These were joined to the existing provinces. · Since then boundaries of States have been reorganised many times. · During this entire period, not only did boundaries of States change, but in some cases, even their names changed according to the wishes of the people of those States. Thus, Mysore changed to Karnataka and Madras became Tamil Nadu. The maps show these large scale changes that have taken place in the span of over seventy years. In a way, these maps...

  Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields 1.1 INTRODUCTION (Electrostatics) Meaning of Electrostatics Electrostatics is the branch of physics that deals with the study of electric charges at rest and the forces, fields, and potentials associated with them. The word static means unchanging with time. Hence, electrostatics concerns itself with situations where charges are not in continuous motion, unlike current electricity. Everyday Experiences of Electrostatics Electrostatic effects are commonly observed in daily life, such as: crackling sound while removing synthetic or woollen clothes Attraction of small paper bits by a rubbed comb Electric shock while touching a metal door after walking on carpet Lightning during thunderstorms These phenomena occur due to accumulation and sudden discharge of electric charges . Cause of Electrostatic Phenomena Electrostatic effects arise mainly due to a. Rubbing of insulating surfaces b. Transfer of electrons c. Imbalance of electric charges No n...

How, When and Where  COMPLETE CHAPTER NOTES By Sahil Swe A. UNDERSTANDING HISTORY AND DATES The Traditional View of Dates There was a time when historians were fascinated with dates.     There were heated debates about the dates on which rulers were crowned or battles were fought. · In the common-sense notion, history was synonymous with dates. · You may have heard people say, “I find history boring because it is all about memorising dates.” Is such a conception true? · History is certainly about changes that occur over time. · It is about finding out how things were in the past and how things have changed. · As soon as we compare the past with the present, we refer to time, we talk of “before” and “after”. Common perception: History = memorizing dates of battles, coronations, and events Historical practice: Historians once focused intensely on precise dates of rulers' lives and major events  Modern perspective: While dates provide chronology, history is more about u...