SWE INSTITUTE

  Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields 1.1 INTRODUCTION (Electrostatics) Meaning of Electrostatics Electrostatics is the branch of physics that deals with the study of electric charges at rest and the forces, fields, and potentials associated with them. The word static means unchanging with time. Hence, electrostatics concerns itself with situations where charges are not in continuous motion, unlike current electricity. Everyday Experiences of Electrostatics Electrostatic effects are commonly observed in daily life, such as: crackling sound while removing synthetic or woollen clothes Attraction of small paper bits by a rubbed comb Electric shock while touching a metal door after walking on carpet Lightning during thunderstorms These phenomena occur due to accumulation and sudden discharge of electric charges . Cause of Electrostatic Phenomena Electrostatic effects arise mainly due to a. Rubbing of insulating surfaces b. Transfer of electrons c. Imbalance of electric charges No n...

How, When and Where  COMPLETE CHAPTER NOTES By Sahil Swe A. UNDERSTANDING HISTORY AND DATES The Traditional View of Dates There was a time when historians were fascinated with dates.     There were heated debates about the dates on which rulers were crowned or battles were fought. · In the common-sense notion, history was synonymous with dates. · You may have heard people say, “I find history boring because it is all about memorising dates.” Is such a conception true? · History is certainly about changes that occur over time. · It is about finding out how things were in the past and how things have changed. · As soon as we compare the past with the present, we refer to time, we talk of “before” and “after”. Common perception: History = memorizing dates of battles, coronations, and events Historical practice: Historians once focused intensely on precise dates of rulers' lives and major events  Modern perspective: While dates provide chronology, history is more about u...

Fire and Ice                                                 ROBERT FROST   Some say the world will end in fire Some say in ice. From what I’ve tasted of desire I hold with those who favour fire. But if it had to perish twice, I think I know enough of hate To say that for destruction ice Is also great And would suffice. About the Author  Robert Frost (1874–1963) Robert Frost, born on March 26, 1874, in San Francisco, remains one of the most revered figures in American literature. After the death of his father when Frost was just eleven, his family relocated to Lawrence, Massachusetts. There, Frost’s passion for poetry was kindled during his high school years. Though he attended Dartmouth College and later Harvard University, he left without earning a formal degree, embarking instead on a life shaped by literature and deep introspection. Before gaining l...

  The chapter "A Letter to God" by Gregorio López y Fuentes is a deeply moving story about faith, hope, and human kindness. Below is a detailed and beautiful answer covering all aspects of the chapter: Summary of "A Letter to God" The story revolves around Lencho , a poor yet hardworking farmer, who places immense faith in God. His house is the only one in a valley, and his fields are filled with ripening corn, promising a good harvest. However, he desires a downpour to nourish his crops. As expected, it begins to rain, and Lencho is overjoyed. He metaphorically describes the raindrops as “new coins” —a symbol of his prosperity. However, his joy is short-lived as the rain turns into a devastating hailstorm that destroys everything. The once-promising harvest is reduced to nothing, leaving Lencho and his family in despair. Lencho’s Faith and the Letter to God Despite the destruction, Lencho refuses to give in to hopelessness. He believes that only God can help ...

  A Photograph                                                         Shirley Toulson The cardboard shows me how it was When the two girl cousins went paddling, Each one holding one of my mother’s hands, And she the big girl — some twelve years or so. All three stood still to smile through their hair At the uncle with the camera. A sweet face, My mother’s, that was before I was born. And the sea, which appears to have changed less, Washed their terribly transient feet. Some twenty — thirty — years later She’d laugh at the snapshot. “See Betty And Dolly,” she’d say, “and look how they Dressed us for the beach.” The sea holiday Was her past, mine is her laughter. Both wry With the laboured ease of loss. Now she’s been dead nearly as many years As that girl lived. And of this circumstance There is nothing to say at all. Its silence silences. Abou...