SWE INSTITUTE

Geography Notes  Chapter 1 - Environment Environment and Its Components Definition of Environment: Environment refers to the surroundings in which living organisms exist, including natural and human-made elements. It consists of both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components that interact with each other. Environment is our basic life support system. It provides the air we breath, the water we drink, the food we eat and the land where we live. Environment: French word Environer/ Environner meaning "neighbourhood”. Types of Environment: 1. Natural Environment – Includes all naturally occurring elements like land, water, air, plants, and animals. 2. Human Environment – Consists of human activities, creations, and interactions that shape surroundings. • Biotic : The world of living organisms. e.g. plants and animals.  • Abiotic: The world of non-living elements. e.g. Land.  Natural Environment and Its Components 1. Lithosphere (Land Domain) The Lithosphere is the s...

 Social Science - Geography (Contemporary India) Chapter 1 - India Size and Location India is one of the world's oldest civilizations. It has progressed politically, geographically, socially, and economically over the last few decades. India has also played a significant role in shaping world history. Location of India ● It is a vast country located in the northern hemisphere, with latitudes ranging from °4'N to 37°6'N and longitudes ranging from 68°7'E to 97°25'E. ● The Tropic of Cancer, 23° 30'N roughly divides the country into two halves. ● The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are in the Bay of Bengal to the southeast of the mainland, and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the Arabian Sea to the southwest. Size of India ● India's landmass covers 3.28 million sq. km, accounting for approximately 2.4% of the world's total geographical area. ● In terms of landmass, India is regarded as the world's seventh-largest country. ● India has an area of about 15,200 s...