SWE INSTITUTE

  Equality in Indian Democracy – On Equality Class 7th Political Science Chapter 1 Introduction Democracy is based on the idea of equality. The Indian Constitution recognises every person as equal. This means that every individual in the country, including male and female persons from all castes, religions, tribes, educational and economic backgrounds are recognised as equa Despite legal provisions, inequalities exist in daily life. Understanding Equality in Democracy 1. Constitutional Provisions for Equality The Indian Constitution provides several provisions ensuring equality, such as: Article 14 – Guarantees equality before the law. Article 15 – Prohibits discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. Article 16 – Ensures equal opportunities in public employment. Article 17 – Abolishes untouchability. Article 18 – Prohibits titles that create social distinctions. 2. Reality of Social and Economic Inequalities Despite constitution...

Geography Notes  Chapter 1 - Environment Environment and Its Components Definition of Environment: Environment refers to the surroundings in which living organisms exist, including natural and human-made elements. It consists of both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components that interact with each other. Environment is our basic life support system. It provides the air we breath, the water we drink, the food we eat and the land where we live. Environment: French word Environer/ Environner meaning "neighbourhood”. Types of Environment: 1. Natural Environment – Includes all naturally occurring elements like land, water, air, plants, and animals. 2. Human Environment – Consists of human activities, creations, and interactions that shape surroundings. • Biotic : The world of living organisms. e.g. plants and animals.  • Abiotic: The world of non-living elements. e.g. Land.  Natural Environment and Its Components 1. Lithosphere (Land Domain) The Lithosphere is the s...

 Class 7 History Chapter 1 Tracing Changes Through a Thousand Years   Introduction The period between 700-1750 AD witnessed significant transformations in society, culture, and politics in India. These changes influenced how people lived, interacted, and documented their history. Two Maps and Their Significance Map by Al-Idrisi (12th Century) Background: Al-Idrisi was a renowned Arab cartographer who worked for King Roger II of Sicily. His map of the world, created in 1154 CE, is known as the "Tabula Rogeriana." Features: South-oriented: South is at the top of the map, unlike modern maps. Depicts the Indian subcontinent as a significant hub for global trade. Emphasizes trade routes, rivers, and coastal regions. Significance: Reflects the interconnectedness of the world during the Islamic Golden Age. Highlights India’s importance in medieval trade and culture. Map by Guillaume De L'Isle (18th Century) Background: Guillaume Delisle was a French cartographer known for his sc...