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Indian Philosophy   Class 12th  Unit 1 Nature of Philosophy   Like all other living beings, man struggles for existence. But while the lower beings struggle more or less blindly without any conscious plan and purpose, and work by instinct, man uses the superior gift of his intellect to understand the conditions and meaning of the struggle and to devise plans and instruments to ensure success. He wishes to lead his life in the light of his knowledge of himself and the world, taking into consideration not merely the immediate results of his actions, but even their far-reaching consequences. Desire for knowledge springs, therefore, from the rational nature of man. Philosophy is an attempt to satisfy this very reasonable desire. It is not, therefore, a mere luxury, but a necessity.  Meaning of Philosophy The word Philosophy comes from Greek: Philo = Love Sophia = Wisdom  So, philosophy means “Love of Wisdom.” It is the rational search for truth about: Self (human na...

Accounting for Partnership: Basic Concepts Class 12th  Notes by Sahil Swe Introduction   You have learnt about the preparation of financial statements for a sole proprietary concern. As the business expands, one needs more capital and larger number of people to manage the business and share its risks. In such a situation, people usually adopt the partnership form of organisation. Accounting for partnership firms has its own peculiarities, as the partnership firm comes into existence when two or more persons come together to establish business and share its profits. On many issues affecting distribution of profits, there may not be any specific agreement between the partners. In such a situation the provisions of the Indian Partnership Act 1932 apply. Similarly, calculation of interest on capital, interest on drawings and maintenance of partners capital accounts have their own peculiarities. Not only that a variety of adjustments are required on the death of a partner or when a...

 The 43-Second Descent- Why the History of Hiroshima is Darker Than Your Textbooks Claim 1. The Day the Sun Descended: A Monday Morning Like Any Other A deceptive peace hung over Hiroshima on the morning of Monday, August 6, 1945. Summer was in full force, the sky was a clear, pleasant blue, and the sun was shining with a warmth that betrayed nothing of the impending furnace. At 8:00 AM, the city hummed with the mundane rhythms of a society at war but still functional: adults were filing into their offices, and children had just settled into their classrooms for the first period of the school day. The tranquility was briefly punctuated by the sighting of an American Boeing B-29 aircraft high in the sky. To the residents below, it was a distant speck; at 8:15 AM, when an object was released from the plane, people watched with a curious, oblivious detachment. Even in their wildest dreams, they could not have imagined what was falling toward them. For exactly 43 seconds, the city rema...

 The Last Lesson (Alphonse Daudet) Alphonse Daudet is pronounced roughly as "Al-fon DOH-day," with the French "Alphonse" having a nasal sound (like "Al-fons") and "Daudet" sounding like the English word "do" followed by a soft "day," with the 't' usually silent in French, though Anglicized versions might pronounce the 't' About the Author  Alphonse Daudet (1840–1897) was a French novelist and short-story writer. The Last Lesson is set in the days of the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), in which France was defeated by Prussia. The story depicts the impact of the war on the French regions of Alsace and Lorraine, which fell under Prussian control. Early Life: · Born on May 13, 1840, in Nîmes, France. · His family faced financial difficulties, and he left school early to work as a teacher. Career and Writings: · Daudet moved to Paris in 1857 to pursue a literary career. · He gained recognition for his vivid, emotio...

  Chapter 1: Electric Charges and Fields 1.1 INTRODUCTION (Electrostatics) Meaning of Electrostatics Electrostatics is the branch of physics that deals with the study of electric charges at rest and the forces, fields, and potentials associated with them. The word static means unchanging with time. Hence, electrostatics concerns itself with situations where charges are not in continuous motion, unlike current electricity. Everyday Experiences of Electrostatics Electrostatic effects are commonly observed in daily life, such as: crackling sound while removing synthetic or woollen clothes Attraction of small paper bits by a rubbed comb Electric shock while touching a metal door after walking on carpet Lightning during thunderstorms These phenomena occur due to accumulation and sudden discharge of electric charges . Cause of Electrostatic Phenomena Electrostatic effects arise mainly due to a. Rubbing of insulating surfaces b. Transfer of electrons c. Imbalance of electric charges No n...